International Due Diligence – Due Diligence Investigations – Hedge Fund Due Diligence

At some point, most of us want to know how to find someone on the Internet. There are literally hundreds of ways to find someone on the Internet; we have compiled a list of some of the most effective.There are too many sources to even count to find someone on the Internet, so by no means is this a comprehensive list, but here are some sources that we have found to be the most helpful and they can get you started.

First Things First

Before you start “googling” away, the first thing you need to do is write down everything you know about the person you want to find, no matter how minute the detail may be.

Where the person’s family is from, middle name, sibling’s name, friend’s name, neighborhood he or she grew up in, month/day of birth, school name, college name, former employer, or address from 40 years ago may each be a valuable piece of information when you’re trying to find someone.

The fact of the matter is, you never know what that one critical piece of information could be.

1Search Engines

In addition to Google, there are a number of search engines, including Duckduckgo and Bing. This may surprise you, but each search engine could provide different results. In addition to conducting some basic searches by typing the person’s name into the search engines, you can use a number of advanced search features to search Google like an expert – features that most people never use (or even know exist). Get creative with your searches; look for friends, family members or anything else you know about the person to find someone who may know the person.

2News Articles

News articles are a fantastic source of information and there is no better free and easy-to-use option than Google News Archive. Although Google stopped its historic newspaper archive project, the Google News Archive has publications going back 200 years and more than 2,000 historic newspapers from around the world. For a more comprehensive search, visit your local library and search LexisNexisFactiva or Proquest, each of which has a vast array of news publications not widely available on the Internet or through Google.

3People Search Engines

 While search engines such as Google and Bing are great for finding out information about topics, a number of search engines have cropped up that that are specific to finding information about people. One of the best is Pipl, which will not only identify some specific information about people, but will search the deep Web, which contains information you can’t readily find through a Google search.

4Social Networks

Social networks are all the rage; there are more than 800 million active users on Facebook and more than 100 million active users on Twitter. In addition to the most popular social networks, there are hundreds of other niche social networks, such as LinkedIn for professional business people; Athlinks.com, a social network for endurance athletes; and Ravelry, for knitters (who knew?). If you know the person’s interests, why not try to find a niche social network that he or she may be actively involved in?

5Meta Social Network Engines

With the huge growth of social networks and the number of niche social networks that have appeared on the scene, it is hard to keep track of them all. The solution: Utilize a meta social network engine that will search a vast array of social networks. The most useful that we have found is Spokeo, especially if you have an email address. While it may cost you a few bucks to join, it may be just what the doctor ordered.

6Image Search Engines

Have you found an online picture that the person you are looking for likes to use as a social profile pic? There are a few image search engines that will scour the Web for a duplicate picture. Tineye and Google Image search are among the most user friendly and comprehensive image search engines.

7Ancestral Sites

If you are trying to find some familial history, one of the several ancestral sites may be your answer. Ancestry.com offers a vast array of ancestral research including old census records, historical phone books and archival documents that are not available anywhere else.

8Public Records

There are so many free public records available that we could not even to begin to go through all of them. Records are typically broken down by state or county, so if you know where the person lived, you may find a property record, lawsuit or criminal record that can lead you to him or her. BRB Publications has a great portal for free public records.

9Alerts

If you’ve completed all the steps above and still have been unable to come across what you are looking for, why not set up an alert to scour the Web and have Google do the work for you? Google Alerts can be set up on just about anything and can alert you when anything gets published on the Web concerning the person you are looking for.

There are many resources that you can utilize to find someone on the Internet. Of course, if all of your efforts have hit a dead end, your last resort may be to hire a private investigator to find a person or a witness.

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Below is a list of information that should be included in an extensive background check.  

What separates an extensive background check from everything else is the ability to identify information from various disparate sources to gather a more accurate, comprehensive and complete picture.  By uncovering the complete picture, and not just a small piece, for example by only searching criminal records, you have a better chance of identifying critical red flags.

Here are the 20 Records That Should Be Included in an Extensive Background Check:

1 Personal Identifiers

Identifiers such as a date of birth and Social Security number are key to linking criminal records, bankruptcy records and other public records to the subject of the extensive background check.

2Address History

Knowing where the individual has lived is critical to determining which courts are necessary to search in order to identify historical civil and criminal history, and to find information from other public record sources.

3Professional History

A timeline of any employment affiliations, board memberships and nonprofit affiliations can show a history of affiliations with organizations riddled with scandals.

4International News Media

Most people are under the false impression that all news media publications are easily accessible on the Internet. Historical and international comprehensive news media can identify past issues that can’t be found on the Internet.

5Internet Searches

With the explosion of social media and the perceived “anonymity” of the Web, some people will put just about anything on the Internet.

6Corporate Affiliations

U.S.-based corporations where the individual is a corporate officer or registered agent can identify businesses or hidden affiliations.

7Criminal Record History (State and Federal)

Checking local and state criminal records is one of the most important facets of a extensive background check. Given that criminal history is the most critical area, it’s essential to conduct research at local courts or official government repositories.

8Civil Litigation (State and Federal)

As with criminal record history, it’s essential to conduct research at local courts, official government repositories or proprietary databases that cover the jurisdictions in which the individual has lived. Civil litigation can identify disputes with previous business partners, harassment allegations or a history of litigiousness.

9Bankruptcy Records

A history of bankruptcy or financial issues could reveal critical financial details.

10U.S. Tax Court Records

U.S. Tax Court records can reveal unpaid taxes or disputes over taxes, which can lead to information on income or assets.

11UCC Filings

Has the person been a creditor or debtor in any UCC filings? Did he or she pledge any assets as part of financing?

12Assets

Information relating to real property, motor vehicles, watercraft and aircraft records may show a pattern of living beyond one’s means.

13Judgment Filings

A history of judgment filings may identify a history of financial issues and/or litigiousness.

14Lien Filings

Similar to judgment filings, historical state or federal tax liens may show a history of financial trouble.

15Department of Motor Vehicle Records

A driving record request can identify traffic violations and, in most states, driving under the influence (DUI) records (which some states consider a criminal record).

16Professional Licensing

Records with local, state or federal regulatory bodies may reveal regulatory actions against professional licensees such as a certified public accountant, doctor, nurse, an attorney or even a private investigator.

17Professional Affiliations

In addition to having a professional license, professionals typically are affiliated with organizations that award certain credentials or designations, but you don’t know if they are really part of the organization unless you check.

18Financial Regulatory Searches

Especially for individuals who have previously served in the banking or financial industry, searches with financial regulatory bodies may identify previous violations or regulatory matters.

19Government Compliance Lists

A review of government compliance lists can identify sanctions from regulatory bodies or politically exposed persons around the world.

20Campaign Contributions

Political contributions may identify strong political ties or connections with polarizing political groups.

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Nicholas Cosmo, dubbed “Mini-Madoff” by the media because of his arrest weeks after Bernie Madoff, was sentenced to 25 years in federal prison and ordered to pay $179 million in restitution.  Cosmo was arrested in January 2009 and pled guilty to wire and mail fraud in 2010.

What’s tragic about this fraud in particular is that Cosmo’s 4,000 victims mostly included blue-collar workers include teachers, police officers, firefighters, nurses and construction workers many of which lost their life savings.

As reported in Bloomberg, U.S. Attorney Loretta Lynch in Brooklyn said, “Those who lie and steal from the investing public are on notice that they face severe penalties…As recounted today in court by several of his victims, the defendant’s actions crushed the hopes and dreams of everyday citizens.”

Even more tragic is that fact that most of Cosmo’s victims could have possibly avoided the scheme if they had taken the time to do their homework.  As we have chronicled previously, Cosmo served jail time more than 10 years earlier for a scheme in which he stole more than $150,000 from his clients.

In addition to being banned from any NASD member in any capacity, court records showed that part of his 1999 sentencing required Cosmo to seek a  “facility that offers an intensive gambling therapy,” an unusual request.

During his sentencing hearing on Friday, it was again revealed that Cosmo “had a serious gambling problem since high school.

History has certainly repeated itself.  Mr. Cosmo’s scheme is a prime example of why analyzing a person’s past behaviors can help you can help predict the future.

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Unfortunately, we see examples of a bad background check almost every day.  Below are a few unfortunate examples of an individual or business who opted to take the “short road” in terms of their background check provider and failed to uncover critical information.  For each example, you see where the “red flags” were not seen (or even looked for) by their respective background check provider.

A growing number of individuals and corporations are now conducting “some form” (used loosely) of a basic background check.

While certainly spending the time and expense to conduct, at minimum, a criminal record check should be recognized and applauded, many consumers (unbeknownst to them) end up utilizing a fly-by-night investigative firm, turn to one of the many advertised online background checking websites or end up doing what we like to call a “fake background check.”.

The fact remains that all background checks are not created equally.  The scope and depth of the background check provider should be scrutinized closely.

Here are five examples of background checks that failed to uncover critical information:

  • A 92-year-old woman was swindled out of more than $30,000 by her home care provider who was hired through a reputable agency.  The family later learned that despite passing an employment background check with her agency, the home care provider had a lengthy criminal history.  Turns out that the background check failed to uncover a prior drug conviction, several recent prison terms, and a court issued restraining order to keep the Care Provider away from her own child.
  • A background check on a newly hired Pastor in Texas failed to show that he was previously charged with capital murder, kidnapping and armed robbery for his part in the robbery of a convenience store in which two people were killed.
  • A Los Alamos minister was fired after he was found to have a prior criminal conviction for sex crimes against a Pennsylvania boy.  Church officials later said that the company they paid to do the background check on the Minister failed to uncover the conviction.
  • Even law enforcement cannot seem to get it right.  The Charlotte Police Department reportedly failed to uncover that a newly hired police officer’s former girlfriend had taken out a domestic violence protective order against him.
  • Cook County, Illinois officials had to rescind a high-paying job offer after discovering the man they were about to hire was found to have been sued by his former employer for theft, was under investigation by the FBI for millions of dollars in alleged contract fraud, and had admitted to sexual relationships with co-workers. Cook County’s human resources department reportedly conducted a background check that came out “clean.”

Final Thought

There is a major difference between doing something the right way and carelessness.

The above examples are just a sampling of some of the inherent risks we take when establishing any new professional or personal relationship.

As the saying goes, “if you are going to do something, do it right” and be sure to always ask questions!

 

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Given the hundreds of background check service providers on the Internet, no wonder there is so much confusion about conducting an in-depth background check. Of course, you can choose one that has the nicest website, pay the $29 fee and cross your fingers, hoping they don’t miss anything.

An in-depth background check can cost upwards of several thousand dollars if you want to truly dig into someone’s past.

So we have provided some tips about finding the best background check service provider for you and your situation:

1Multi-source Databases

Proprietary databases and online sources offer a quick, easy and cost-effective way to aggregate information.

But the quality and depth of the proprietary databases vary widely. Also, information in databases is manually entered by humans, and as we all know, humans make mistakes.

Even “official” repositories, such as Pacer, have been found to have errors and omissions. In-depth background checks utilize multiple database sources that provide a more complete picture and potentially avoid missing important details.

2Online / Offline Sources

If you want to obtain more in-depth information and facts, there’s no better place to go than to the source.

For example, there are a variety of database services that search civil records in various jurisdictions, but the best way to search civil records is to do it at the courthouse, which typically requires sending someone to the court.

3Depth

Some background check service providers consider a seven-year local criminal records check, a Google search or a check of a Facebook profile to be a “background check.” While that may be sufficient in some cases, it’s not always the case.

Consider this: conducting a criminal check on a person who has lived in New York over the last seven years may miss a fraud conviction in another state.

Or what if you conducted a search on a woman’s married name, only to find later that she had been arrested for embezzlement under her maiden name?

For employment reasons, local statutes may only allow a seven-year background check, but for all intents and purposes, an in-depth background check should be conducted from the time the person turned 18 and up to the present.

4Complete Picture

Limit a background investigation to criminal records and you may be missing the complete picture.

Some background check service providers offer a cafeteria plan of records that can be searched. But just because a hedge fund manager doesn’t have a criminal record doesn’t mean that there aren’t any potential red flags.

Omissions about job history, falsified education credentials or living beyond one’s financial means can all be red flags that could steer you clear of a potential disaster.

Final Thought

Conducting an in-depth background check takes analysis by a trained investigator who can navigate the Internet and public records, get behind the information readily available to everyone else and obtain relevant facts to make “informed” decisions.

 

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Facebook is not a background check. There, we said it.

This post was prompted by an article titled “Parents Conduct Background Checks via Facebook.” The article explains that “when you arrange a play date for your kids, you’re probably going to undergo a background check [via Facebook].”

It’s not just this article. There seems to be this prevailing thought that in accessing a person’s Facebook profile (or information on any other social network, for that matter), you somehow miraculously “know” the person and what he or she is all about.

Of course, we hear all the time that people will say just about anything about themselves, post pictures of inappropriate behavior or make comments without any concern that the world may be watching.

This may be a news flash, but not everyone is like that.

As people become aware of the consequences of doing or saying inappropriate things on Facebook, more people are finally figuring out how to manage their privacy settings for the site.

Dig Deeper: Facebook Privacy Tips

Sure, you may find some inappropriate pictures, vulgar Facebook updates or insight into how others on the site spend their free time, but social networking sites will not reveal whether, for example, someone is a convicted criminal or sex offender or has been arrested for DUI, fraud or passing bad checks.

Of course, seeing what you can find out about parents, significant others, old friends or new friends certainly can’t hurt, and Facebook can be helpful for that.

Although Facebook may be an inquisitive person’s dream come true, however, it’s not a background check.

Your turn. There has been a lot of discussion about potential employers using Facebook when conducting a background check. Do you think this is an invasion of your privacy?

 

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There have been a number of stories over the last several years regarding individuals who exaggerated or completely falsified military credentials.  The most troubling stories include the faking of military credentials by a school instructor and reports of falsified congressional Medal of Honor awards by individuals who had contributed to the Veterans History Project.

Navy SEAL Tale Was an “Ego-Builder” for Pastor

One of the most recent examples of fake military credentials involves Reverend Jim Moats, who until recently was a pastor at the Christian Bible Fellowship Church in Newville, Pennsylvania. A local newspaper reported that Moats was never a Navy SEAL and never served in Vietnam.

Moats later admitted his tale of being a Navy SEAL was just “an ego-builder.”  In order to perpetuate the fraud, Moats carried around the gold Trident medal that is awarded to those who have completed SEALs training (which he bought at a surplus store) and touted a plaque that honors SEALs (which was made by his sons).

One of the lessons that can be gained from this story is to not always believe what you see, especially when the information can easily be proved otherwise.

Verifying Military Service

Much of this could have easily been avoided by submitting a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to verify former military records.

Military records are stored at the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri.  Access to military personnel records is available to the public through a FOIA.

A request must be sent via either mail or fax to the records center.  Only a limited amount of information can be released to the general public, but the information typically includes rank, dates of services and where the individual in question was stationed.

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It’s hard to believe that Google’s search engine was in its infancy ten years ago. Suffice it to say, it’s changed the way we find information.

If you are like most people, you probably use Google many times a day and can hardly imagine a world without it. Unless you are a technology geek (or a private investigator), you probably use Google in its simplest form. However, you can’t always rely on basic queries to find the information you are looking for.

The following is a list of tips we have found helpful over the years in the course of many Google searches. This list is by no means comprehensive, but these are search queries that we use almost every day.

1Exact phrase

Of all the advanced search tips, this is the one almost everyone knows, and it’s easily the most useful query. Enclosing a search phrase in double quotes will return only results with the exact phrase you are looking for. This is especially useful when conducting searches on individuals who have a common name. [Insider Tip: Use the middle initial to further narrow the search.]

Example Search: “Bernard L. Madoff”

2Exclude Words

Let’s say you are trying to find information about a John Doe, but there is another John Doe who happens to be a well-known professional baseball player. You can omit results that include references to baseball by simply using the “-” symbol in front of the word you want to exclude.

Example Search: John Doe -baseball

3Site-Specific Search

When you want to search for a specific term on a specific website, even if the site doesn’t have a built-in capability to do so, you can use Google’s site modifier to search the site. For example, you may want to search LinkedIn for anyone who previously worked at Goldman Sachs. [Insider Tip: Google’s site search can provide more results than the built-in search capabilities on a given site.]

Example Search: “goldman sachs” site:www.linkedin.com

4Around

Google has an undocumented operator (it’s a secret…shhhhh) called “AROUND,” which will search for terms that appear within a specified number of words of each other. It’s especially handy when searching for a combination of terms where one term dominates the results, but what you are really interested in is the relationship between the two terms. For example, if you wanted to know more about the relationship between Bernard Madoff and Frank DiPascali, Madoff’s top lieutenant, you could use the AROUND feature to focus your research.

Example Search: “bernard madoff” AROUND(5) “frank dipascali” [AROUND must be capitalized; the “(5)” represents the number of words separating the two terms].

5Links

The link operator is not something that gets used often, but for an investigator, it can be critical in identifying, for example, who is behind a website. If you wanted to see who was linking to Diligentia Group, for example, you can find articles, comments and social profiles linked to our site that could show a direct relationship between the website and the people who are behind it.

Example Search: link:www.diligentiagroup.com

6Google Image Search

Google recently launched a new feature called Search by Image.  You can either upload an image or paste an image URL into Google Images and it will find identical images and visually similar images.  While it’s still in its infancy, there are lot scenarios where this can be helpful for a private investigator.  For example, you may want to identify trademarks, copyrighted images or a picture that may have been improperly used on the web.

Google Image Search

Your turn. What’s your favorite Google search technique? Tell us about it in the comments.

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